\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper, final]{report} % \documentclass{} required in all files

\usepackage{../preamble/myWEPS} % This is now our single preamble file inclusion (it assumes a “.sty” file extension)

\usepackage{multirow}

\begin{document}

%\section{Exercise 1 - A Basic WEPS Simulation} \label{sec:A Basic WEPS Simulation}

\subsection{Skill Building} \label{subsec:Skill_Building_1}
This example introduces some basic skills needed
to perform simple wind erosion simulations
with WebStart WEPS.

\begin{itemize}
\item{It uses a previously built management record as a starting template
that is then modified via MCREW (Management/Crop Rotation Editor for WEPS).}
\item{It outlines how to:}
	\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
	\item{Select a management template for editing}
	\item{Properly select a site location using the Map Viewer}
	\item{Select a soil record for a site}
	\item{Specify the size and shape of the field}
	\item{Perform a regular (normal) WEPS simulation run}
	\item{Perform a Yield Calibration run to calibrate the average yields for selected crop records}
	\item{Insert cover crops into a management rotation}
	\end{itemize}
\item{It demonstrates how to modify an existing management rotation within MCREW
using basic editing functions:}
	\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
	\item{Changing operation dates}
	\item{Replacing operation and crop entries}
	\item{Inserting operation and crop records}
	\item{Making Target Yield adjustments}
	\end{itemize}
\item{Learn to evaluate output reports and interpret results
relevant to achieving specific erosion risk goals:}
	\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
	\item{Determine if erosion exceeds the Soil Loss Tolerance (T) value for the specified soil}
	\item{Determine whether ground cover is adequate to protect seedlings from wind erosion damage}
	\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Scenario} \label{subsec:Scenario_1}

\begin{itemize}

\item{The farm is located near \textbf{Stevens Point, Wisconsin}, in \textbf{Portage County}.
Note that the centroid latitude and longitude coordinates
for this county are: 44.47603º N, 89.50148º W.}

\item{The approximate location coordinates we will use
for the actual field site are: \textbf{44.46143º N, 89.51388º W}.}

\item{Use the default Climate and interpolated Windgen stations
automatically selected within the county for the field site.}

\item{The Soil Map Unit to be selected for this evaluation is
\textbf{Richford{\_}W1097{\_}RfA{\_}90{\_}LS.ifc},
a Richford loamy silt soil.}

\item{The grower’s two-year cropping system is sweet corn (\textbf{Corn, sweet, ears})
the first year followed the next year with green snap beans (\textbf{Bean, Pea, field green).}}

\item{The harvest machine for the beans are viners that remove the beans,
returning all residue to the field surface (\textbf{Harvest, vine crops, mechanical}.}

\item{The field is circular with a size of about \textbf{126 acres}
and is fully irrigated with a circle center pivot system.}

\item{The WEPS evaluation of the cropping system will be run
for the standard 50 rotation cycles (\textbf{NRCS} Run Mode),
which is the default Run Mode setting.
Thus, we will have 50 simulated years of data
for each year of the specified management rotation cycle.
Since it is a two year rotation,
the WEPS model will then run this simulation for a total of 100 years.}

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Complete the following steps} \label{subsec:Complete_steps_1a}

\textbf{Step 1}: Under the \textit{Client Information} panel,
enter \emph{\textbf{Exercise 1}} for \textbf{Client Name}
as shown in
\cref{fig:Client_Name_Field}.
All of the fields under the \textit{Client Information} panel are optional
and are not required for a WEPS simulation.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Client_Name.jpg}
\caption{\textbf{Client Name} field under the \textit{Client Information} panel.}
\label{fig:Client_Name_Field}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 2}: Under the \textit{Region} panel, for the \textbf{Shape} field
select \emph{\textbf{Circle}} by clicking the drop-down arrow
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}{\strut}}.
For the \textbf{Area} field enter \emph{\textbf{126}} acres.
The circle radius automatically synchronizes with field area
when the acreage value is accepted (\textbf{Radius} value should then be 1321.8 ft).
A schematic diagram of the field shape and orientation are also displayed as shown in \cref{fig:Shape_Area_Fields}.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Field_Shape_Area.jpg}
\caption{Field site \textbf{Shape} and \textbf{Area} fields under the \textit{Region} panel.}
\label{fig:Shape_Area_Fields}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 3a}: Under the \textit{Location} panel,
first select \emph{\textbf{Wisconsin}} in  the \textbf{State} field,
then select \emph{\textbf{Portage}} in the \textbf{County} field.
This will then automatically select the centroid location for the county location,
which is: 44.47603º N, 89.50148º W
(\cref{fig:State_County_selection}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/State_County_selection.jpg}
\caption{\textbf{State} and \textbf{County} selection fields under the \textit{Location} panel.}
\label{fig:State_County_selection}
\end{figure}

WebStart WEPS can now take advantage of the actual field location
to provide a list of all the soils present on the field site
as well as providing site specific adjustments to some of the Cligen station parameters.
To take advantage of this new capability,
we will do the following to select the actual exact field site:

\textbf{Step 3b}: Under the \textit{Location} panel,
click on the Map Viewer button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/Please_Select_Field_Location.png}}{\strut}
which will normally be labeled
\textbf{Please Select Field Location}
as shown in \cref{fig:State_County_selection}.
This will open up the WEPS Map Viewer Window
with the red cross
(\textbf{\color{red}{+}})
locating the current lat/long coordinates
displayed on the main WEPS window, e.g. the centroid of Portage County, WI
(\cref{fig:State_County_centroid_Map_Viewer}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/State_County_centroid_Map_Viewer.jpg}
\caption{Map Viewer displaying State/County centroid location.}
\label{fig:State_County_centroid_Map_Viewer}
\end{figure}

This current county centroid location is not referencing
the desired center pivot irrigation system field.
That center pivot system is just to the left and below this location
at approximately 44.46143º N, 89.51388º W.
Using the mouse, move the mouse pointer to the center of that circular field
(as shown in Fig) and single click the left mouse button.
The Map Viewer will now display the red cross
(\textbf{\color{red}{+}}) on the newly selected location
(\cref{fig:Field_Site_located_Map_Viewer}).
One can then select the Map Viewer \textbf{Done} button to close the Map Viewer\footnote{
Note that one can also select a new location and automatically close the Map Viewer
by doing a double left mouse button click.}.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Site_located_Map_Viewer.jpg}
\caption{Map Viewer displaying actual field site location.}
\label{fig:Field_Site_located_Map_Viewer}
\end{figure}

Note that the Map Viewer button's
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/Field_Location_Selected_button.jpg}}{\strut}
text has now changed to
\textbf{Field Location Selected} upon closing the Map Viewer Window
as shown in
\cref{fig:Actual_Field_Site_selection}.
In addition the \textbf{Latitude} and \textbf{Longitude} fields now reflect
the selected field site coordinates.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Actual_Field_Site_selection.jpg}
\caption{Actual Field Site selection displayed in the \textit{Location} panel.}
\label{fig:Actual_Field_Site_selection}
\end{figure}

Note that the location you selected may not exactly match the coordinates provided above,
but that is ok as we only need to get a set of coordinates that reside within the field.
The results should still be the same (or at least very close) to those presented in this example.
If desired though, the coordinates mentioned above can be entered into the
\textbf{Latitude} and \textbf{Longitude} fields
(\cref{fig:Actual_Field_Site_selection})
so that they exactly match this example.

The weather stations (Cligen and Windgen) are auto-selected
based upon the field location coordinates.
For Cligen, it will use the Cligen station closest to the county's centroid
and apply a PRISM adjustment to the monthly average min/max temperatures
and precipitation values\footnote
{Cligen station selections are determined differently in different regions of the U.S.}.
For Windgen,
WEPS will provide an interpolated Windgen station from nearby Windgen stations,
also based upon the county's centroid location\footnote
{Windgen station interpolation or selection are determined differently for different regions within the U.S.}
(Notice the county centroid lat/long coordinates in the interpolated Windgen station name).
Note that the default methods used for selecting both Cligen and Windgen stations
are constrained to pick the same stations regardless of field location within a county.
This is necessary for consistency of Run results among nearby field sites within the same county.

The selected Cligen station should read
\textbf{STEVENS POINT} with the station site 4.2 miles from the field site
and the selected Windgen station should read
\textbf{Interpolated (44.47603º N, 89.50148º W)}
as shown in \cref{fig:Actual_Field_Site_selection}.

For the contiguous continental United States, WEPS selects the nearest Cligen station
and applies the PRISM adjustments to the monthly values, based upon the specific site's location.
In other regions where no PRISM data is currently available, the user is given
a choice list to select the most appropriate Cligen station
with the default selection being the nearest station.

Generally, east of the Rocky Mountains region of the United States WEPS uses wind station interpolation,
where the three surrounding wind stations’ data
are combined to make an interpolated wind record for each site.
Most sites west of the Rocky Mountains generally use polygon regions covering cropland agricultural areas
with assigned Windgen stations.
Outside of these polygon areas, WEPS provides a list of Windgen stations, sorted by distance from the site,
for the user to select from.

To confirm that the desired field site location is nearest to the Stevens Point Cligen station,
we can check via the WEPS Map Viewer.
Click the \textbf{Field Location Selected} button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/Field_Location_Selected_button.jpg}}{\strut}
for an overhead view of the station location relative to the selected site location
(\cref{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Cligen_Stations_Layer_turned_on}).
To see the same Map Viewer window view displayed in
\cref{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Cligen_Stations_Layer_turned_on},
do the following:
a) disable the \textbf{Imagery ArcGis} layer;
b) enable the the \textbf{Cligen boundary} and \textbf{Cligen stations} layers;
and c) change the zoom level to \textbf{50\%}.
One can also enlarge the Map Viewer window
as well as enable the \textbf{Streets overlay ArcGIS} layer
for a larger more complete overhead view.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Map Viewer_Cligen_Stations.jpg}
\caption{Map Viewer with \textbf{Cligen stations} layer enabled.}
\label{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Cligen_Stations_Layer_turned_on}
\end{figure}
 
The red cross (\textbf{\color{red}{+}}) denotes the current location.
The blue dot above the STEVENS POINT text denotes that Cligen station,
which falls within the blue line polygon borders for the selected location,
indicating it is the nearest Cligen station to the selected site\footnote
{Actually, the county centroid lat/long coordinates are being used to determine the nearest Cligen station record, but these coordinates are very close to the field coordinates in this scenario.
This constraint is applied to obtain consistency between Run results among nearby field sites within the same county.}.
One can close the Map Viewer to return to the main interface screen by clicking
on the window's Cancel button.

Likewise, one can also determine which Windgen stations are being used in the
interpolation procedure that generates the interpolated Windgen station selected
via the Map Viewer window
(\cref{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Windgen_Stations_Layer_turned_on}).
To see the same Map Viewer window view displayed in
\cref{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Windgen_Stations_Layer_turned_on},
do the following:
a) disable the \textbf{Imagery ArcGis} layer;
b) enable the the \textbf{Windgen triangulation boundaries}
and \textbf{Windgen stations} layers;
and c) change the zoom level to \textbf{40\%}.
 
The red cross (\textbf{\color{red}{+}}) again denotes the current location.
The red dots denote the Windgen stations
and the green lines display the station interpolation boundaries.
The designated location\footnote
{Actually, the county centroid lat/long coordinates are being used to determine the interpolated Windgen station record, but these coordinates are very close to the field coordinates in this scenario.
This constraint is applied to obtain consistency between Run results among nearby field sites within the same county.} falls within an interpolation boundary
that utilizes the Windgen station data from  the following Windgen stations:
a) MOSINEE/CENTRAL WI;
b) VOLK/CAMP DOUGLAS\footnote{
Note that this Windgen station's name does not appear at this zoom level in
\cref{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Windgen_Stations_Layer_turned_on},
but can be displayed at a zoom level of 50\% with the window enlarged.};
and c) OSHKOSH/WITTMAN FLD.
One can again close the Map Viewer to return to the main interface screen by clicking
on the window's Cancel button.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Map Viewer_Windgen_Stations.jpg}
\caption{Map Viewer with \textbf{Windgen stations} layer enabled.}
\label{fig:Map_Viewer_with_Windgen_Stations_Layer_turned_on}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 4}: Click the drop-down arrow
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}}{\strut}
opposite the Man button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/manNew.jpg}}{\strut}
near the bottom of the WEPS screen
(\cref{fig:Selecting_a_template_management_file_using_the_management_selection_drop-down_box}).
To open or close a folder on the list, click the key symbol beside it.
To select a management file, click the desired file.
From the list, select \textit{System Templates},
then \emph{\textbf{Peas, green, drilled, st pt, disk, fcult,-Bean, green snap, st pt, disk, fcult, CMZ4.man}}.
While this template file does list peas and beans in the template file name,
the simulation (and thus yield and erosion estimates) for this example will be
modified such that it will only be based on \emph{sweet corn} and \emph{green beans} only.
This template is only being used as our starting point for developing the actual rotation used.

Once you have selected the management file,
click the Man button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/manNew.jpg}}{\strut},
to open MCREW (Management/Crop Rotation Editor for WEPS).
Note, the management files are displayed with a \textit{.man} file extension.
The crop rotation management file name will be displayed in the management selection field
near the bottom of the WEPS interface when selected.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.6]{images/Examples/Selecting_System_Mgt_Template.jpg}
\caption{Selecting a System Template management file using the management selection drop down list.}
\label{fig:Selecting_a_template_management_file_using_the_management_selection_drop-down_box}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 5}: Once MCREW is opened,
we will now modify the template record
as it does not contain the actual rotation we want to use.
Remember, we only selected the template
to use as a starting point,
hopefully reducing the amount of editing required
to construct the actual management rotation desired.
We now need to edit the record by changing some entries and their dates.

\textbf{Step 5a}:
The first rotation year's crop record under the \textit{Crop or Residue} column
needs to be changed to accommodate the sweet corn crop.
This can be done by clicking the down arrow
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}}{\strut}
to the right of the first existing \emph{\textit{Bean, Pea, field, green}} crop name.
In the drop down menu under \textit{CRLMOD Crops and Residues},
scroll down the list and select \emph{\textbf{Corn, sweet, ears.crop}} as shown in
\cref{fig:Selecting_a_crop_record_using_the_crop_residue_selection_drop-down_option}.
Hint, selecting the first character of the name will take you to the first crop record
in the sorted listing starting with that character\footnote
{More precisely,
it moves the selection down to the next line beginning with the specified character.
In this specific case, one will need to click the letter "\emph{\textbf{c}}"
on the keyboard two more times,
if the first line currently highlighted as shown in
\cref{fig:Selecting_a_crop_record_using_the_crop_residue_selection_drop-down_option};
once to get to the "\emph{\textbf{C}}RLMOD Residues" line
and another to finally get to the first record "\emph{\textbf{C}}alifornia Brome.crop" line
beginning with that letter.},
usually speeding up the selection search process.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.6]{images/Examples/MCREW_selecting_Crop_record.jpg}
	\caption{Display of selected management in MCREW with crop/residue drop down choice list option highlighted.}
	\label{fig:Selecting_a_crop_record_using_the_crop_residue_selection_drop-down_option}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 5b}: 
As with any change in selected \textit{CRLMOD Crops and Residues} records,
planting and other operation dates may also need to be modified
to reflect local conditions and practices.
Since we have changed the crop in this rotation,
we need to adjust the planting date to what is
more appropriate for the newly selected crop.
Double click the left mouse button
on the date associated with the desired operation
(in this case the \emph{\textbf{Drill or air seeder, double disk}}),
as shown in \cref{fig:Selecting_new_seeding_date_in_MCREW}.
This will cause a rotation calendar popup window to appear.
Select the year, month and day the operation should occur on.
Go ahead and change the dates for the
\textbf{Drill or air seeder, double disk}
operations to \emph{\textbf{May 9 of rotation year 1}}.
One can select the
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/Calendar_OK_button.jpg}}{\strut} button
or double click the left mouse button on the day box in the calendar
to set the date for the specified operation.

\textbf{Step 5c}: 
Also, change the date for the
\textbf{Irrigation, Start Monitor (pivot, linear, wheelline)}
operation to \emph{\textbf{May 15 of rotation year 1}}
to begin irrigation sooner for the sweet corn.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.75]{images/Examples/MCREW_Date.jpg}
	\caption{Selecting new seeding operation date in MCREW.}
	\label{fig:Selecting_new_seeding_date_in_MCREW}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 5d}: Depending on the crop (or residue) record selected,
operations may also need to be changed.
Click the down arrow {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}}{\strut}
next to the operation record you wish to change,
as shown in \cref{fig:Selecting_new_seeding_date_in_MCREW}
(the first listed \textbf{Harvest, vine crops, mechanical} operation in this case).
From within the \textbf{Operation Name} column,
in the specified cell's drop down menu under \textit{CRLMOD Operations},
to select the more appropriate \textbf{Harvest, killing crop 50pct standing stubble.oprn}
harvest operation for the sweet corn.
Hint, clicking the first character of the name will take you to the first operation
in the sorted listing starting with that character,
speeding up the selection process.

\textbf{Step 5e}: 
To properly adjust for the later harvest date for the newly selected sweet corn,
go ahead and change the harvest date for the
\textbf{Harvest, killing crop 50pct standing stubble}
operation to be \textbf{July 15, rotation year 1}.

\textbf{Step 5f}: 
Likewise, extend the irrigation time by changing the date
for the previous operation
\textbf{Irrigation, Stop Monitor}
to \textbf{July 1, rotation year 1}
as well.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.75]{images/Examples/MCREW_Selecting_Operation.jpg}
	\caption{Selecting new operation in MCREW.}
	\label{fig:Selecting_new_operation_in_MCREW}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 6}: Once you modify these Crop or Residue, Operation Name, and Date entries,
be sure to save your changes.
You will notice at the top of the screen,
that the file name will be now highlighted in \textbf{\color{blue}{blue}} with the word
\textbf{\color{blue}{(Modified)}} appended to the file name.
This is to signify to the user that the management file has been modified (edited)
and needs to be saved to retain those changes.
There are multiple ways to save the file with the current name
(\cref{fig:Saving_changes_to_existing_filename_in_MCREW}).
You can press the save button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/save.png}}{\strut},
or
one can select the "Save" option under MCREW's "File" menu.
Both methods will save the file in the current WEPS Project folder
with the displayed name.
In addition, the blue return arrow button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/close.png}}{\strut}
will also save the file to the currently displayed name, but also automatically close the MCREW window.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples/MCREW_Save.jpg}
	\caption{Saving changes to existing filename in MCREW.}
	\label{fig:Saving_changes_to_existing_filename_in_MCREW}
\end{figure}

However, in this case, we will save the management rotation file with a different name
that more correctly reflects its new content.
To do so, we can select the \textbf{Save As...} option under MCREW's \textbf{File} menu
((\cref{fig:Saving_changes_to_a_new_filename_in_MCREW}).
The user can then specify the new management rotation file name they want to use
in the FileChooser window that pops up on the screen
(\cref{fig:Entering_new_filename_in_FileChooser_window}).
We will call it \textbf{Sweet corn and green beans}.
We can then close MCREW with the new name
by clicking on the blue return button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/close.png}}{\strut}.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples/MCREW_Save_As.jpg}
	\caption{Saving changes to a new filename in MCREW.}
	\label{fig:Saving_changes_to_a_new_filename_in_MCREW}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples/MCREW_Save_new_mgt_name.jpg}
	\caption{Entering new management filename in the FileChooser window.}
	\label{fig:Entering_new_filename_in_FileChooser_window}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 9}: Once you have returned to the main WEPS interface screen,
click the drop down arrow {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}}{\strut} 
opposite the Soil button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/soil.png}}{\strut}
near the bottom of the WEPS screen.
Use the \textbf{CSIP Soil Service} option
to select a soil record using the soil selection drop down box.
This CSIP service will provide a list of soil components
that exist on the specified field site.
Expand the \textit{CSIP Soil Service} option by clicking on the key
so that it now points down
(\cref{fig:Selecting_soil_record_using_the_soil_selection_drop-down_box}),
expand the desired soil map unit name, if necessary,
then select the
\textbf{Richford{\_}W1097{\_}RfA{\_}90{\_}LS.ifc}
soil component from the list.
Note: the soil files have a \textit{.ifc} extension.
The selected soil component will be saved in the current WEPS Project folder.
Once selected, the soil name will be displayed near the bottom of the WEPS interface.
The user can also select a soil component
using the older \textit{NRCS Soil Data Mart db} service.
However, the user must know what soil component(s) exists at the site
to make an informed decision
as it will only show all the soils existing within the County.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples/Soil.jpg}
	\caption{Selecting a soil component record using the \textbf{CSIP Soil Service} via the soil selection drop-down box.}
	\label{fig:Selecting_soil_record_using_the_soil_selection_drop-down_box}
\end{figure}

All required information has now been entered into the WEPS main interface screen (\cref{fig:WEPS_interface_Exercise_1})
and it is ready for a WEPS simulation run to be executed.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples/WEPS_interface_Ex_1.jpg}
\caption{The WEPS interface with the correct information for the initial scenario of Exercise 1.}
\label{fig:WEPS_interface_Exercise_1}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Initial Simulation Run} \label{subsec:Initial_Simulation_Run_1}

To begin the simulation run, click the Run button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/run.png}}{\strut}.
WEPS will prompt you to name the run.
Enter \textbf{Sweet Corn and beans, green, irr, CMZ4}
as the Run Name and click the \textbf{OK} button
(\cref{fig:Run_name_Exercise_1}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Run_name.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Run Name window showing the run name, location, and file path.}
\label{fig:Run_name_Exercise_1}
\end{figure}

During a simulation run, a window will appear, showing the simulation progress
(\cref{fig:WEPS_Run_Progress_Window_Exercise_1}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Run_Progress.jpg}
	\caption{WEPS Run Progress Window.}
	\label{fig:WEPS_Run_Progress_Window_Exercise_1}
\end{figure}

For this simulation, a warning message pops up
(\cref{fig:WEPS_Warning_message_Window_Exercise_1})
displaying information about the sweet corn not reaching maturity
when it is harvested.
Normally, we don't want to see this message appear when harvesting grain crops,
so we will need to modify the harvest date to fully accommodate
the growing season for all simulation years for the sweet corn.
In this case, there were only four simulation years where we did not
obtain enough growing degree day units to fully grow the crop to maturity
before harvest.
However, we are well over 90\% of reaching maturity for all of the displayed years,
so it will likely make little difference in the
erosion susceptibility results for this simulation run with this management scenario.
However, we will adjust the planting and/or harvesting date(s) prior to subsequent
simulation runs using this management scenario to eliminate the warning message.
Closing this window will complete the simulation run and bring up
the Run Summary report.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Maturity_warning_Message_Ex_1.jpg}
	\caption{Warning message window from the initial simulation.}
	\label{fig:WEPS_Warning_message_Window_Exercise_1}
\end{figure}

The WEPS Run Summary report window automatically appears on the screen
upon completion of the simulation
(\cref{fig:WEPS_Run_Summary_report_with_high_erosion_rates}).
The simulation reports an Average Annual Soil Loss of \textbf{60.5 t/ac},
several times the acceptable soil loss of \textbf{5 t/ac/yr}.
%In this scenario, the erosion rates are so high that the report
%displays a warning message:
%\textbf{WARNING: Erosion values exceeded the science model accuracy thresholds.}
%which gets printed when WEPS computes erosion rates exceeding 100 t/ac,
%which are highlighted by the yellow warning icons
%{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/warning.jpg}}{\strut}
%next to those values.

Since crop yields are highly correlated to the amount of biomass produced
and thus the actual after-harvest residue available.
This in turn affects erosion,
so the user should normally check the harvest yields to see if the crop yields are reasonable.
In this case, we already know that these yields are lower than our target yields.
Therefore, our protective after harvest residue amounts will be lower than desired.

However, we still want to achieve the expected average yields
for this region of
\textbf{14,000 lbs/ac} for sweet corn
and \textbf{8,100 lbs/ac} for green beans,
after we have adjusted the harvest date so we can
achieve full maturity of the sweet corn for all simulation years before harvesting it.
We will make a "Yield Calibration" run in the next section to adjust those
yields to get within ±5$\% $ of those expected average yield levels.
 
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.9]{images/Examples/Run_Summary_High_Erosion.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Run Summary report with high erosion rates displayed.}
\label{fig:WEPS_Run_Summary_report_with_high_erosion_rates}
\end{figure}


\subsection{Yield Calibration Run} \label{subsec:Yield_Calibration_Run_1}

The calibration function allows WEPS to recalculate the crop growth
based on the actual yield history of the field evaluated.
It adjusts the Harvested Yield simulated to within ±5$\% $
of the expected or historic yield entered.
To calibrate the example run, first close the Run Summary window.
The main interface window should remain on screen.

\subsubsection{Complete the following steps} \label{subsubsec:Complete_steps_1b}

\textbf{Step 1}: On the main screen,
click the "Man" button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/manNew.jpg}}{\strut}
to open the Management Crop Rotation Editor for WEPS (MCREW).

\textbf{Step 1a}:
Within MCREW, change the date of the \textbf{Harvest, killing crop 50pct standing stubble} operation
to \textbf{July 25, rotation year 1} to extend the growing season sufficiently to avoid
obtaining simulation years that do not reach 100$\% $
maturity when growing the sweet corn.

\textbf{Step 1b}:
Also, extend the irrigation time by changing the \textbf{Irrigation, Stop Monitor} operation
to \textbf{July 15, rotation year 1}.
Both date changes are highlighted in
\cref{fig:MCREW_with_Yield_button_selected}.

Now,
click the Yield Calibration button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/yCalOff.png}}{\strut}
on the tool bar (\cref{fig:MCREW_with_Yield_button_selected}). 
This displays nine additional columns.
The MCREW window can be enlarged
by grabbing the edge or corner of the window
and stretching (or shrinking) the window size horizontally (and vertically)
to display the extra columns (and rows) without scrolling.
The first four extra columns pertain to the target yield and calibration settings.
The target yields can be edited directly on this screen, but the yield units cannot be changed.
Remember, the desired target yield is 14000 lbs/ac for sweet corn and 8100 lbs/ac for beans.
Those values happen to be the default values for those two crop records,
so we don't have to make any changes to those values.

Then make sure the boxes in the \textbf{Calib. Yield?} and \textbf{Select Harvest for Calib.}
columns for both the sweet corn and green bean crops are checked
\cref{fig:MCREW_with_Yield_button_selected}.
The crop record must be selected for calibration (\textbf{Calib. Yield?} column)
as well as the harvest operation to be used
when harvesting that crop (\textbf{Select Harvest for Calib.})
to enable the crop to have its yield calibrated when making a "Yield Calibration" run.

Since these crops are typically harvested only once,
both crops and their harvesting operations default to being selected and used for
yield calibration, when a Yield Calibration run is performed.
Note that for perennial crops, like Alfalfa, that are typically harvested multiple times,
default to not be calibrated.
This occurs because the user must select which individual
harvest operation (its "harvested yield") will be used for calibration.
Likewise, typical harvesting operations used for harvesting perennial crops
default to not being set for calibration use,
since the user must explicitly specify which harvest operation's "yield" will be used in the calibration process.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.67]{images/Examples/Yield_calibration.jpg}
\caption{MCREW displayed with Yield button selected.}
\label{fig:MCREW_with_Yield_button_selected}
\end{figure}

Click the blue return arrow button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/close.png}}{\strut}
to save the target yields to the current management file name 
(\textbf{Sweet corn and green beans.man})
by clicking ‘Yes’ in the popup window to overwrite the existing file
located in the current Project.
This is what we want to do since the previously saved rotation with this same name contained errors.
This changes the contents of the existing copy of the management file
with the same named, stored in the Project directory.
It does not change the original copy used in the previous WEPS Run simulation,
which was copied into and stored in the previous WEPS Run simulation's folder.

Since it can get confusing which "version" of a management file one is using
when frequently editing it,
it is recommended that the user save edits, especially when they are significant,
to another, appropriately named management file.
This helps eliminate confusion about which rendition of a management file was used
for each specific WEPS simulation run.
There is a "Pencil" icon
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/pencil.jpg}}{\strut}
on the MCREW toolbar that can be selected to bring up
a popup "Notes" window where the user can enter specific information
about the rotation file currently loaded into MCREW for future reference.

\textbf{Step 2}: On the main interface screen, click \textit{Run}
on the main screen menu and then select \textit{Make a Yield Calibration WEPS Run}.
or simply click the Yield Calibration Run button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/calibraterun.png}}{\strut} on the WEPS toolbar.
You will be prompted to enter a Run Name.
The default Run Name is the last run name plus “\textbf{\_calib}" appended to the name,
implying that this will be a calibration run.
Note, if previous calibration runs have been made with the same run name,
an auto-incremented number, beginning with “\textbf{\_1}” will also be appended to the end of the run name.
Click OK to begin the Yield Calibration Run \cref{fig:Calibrated_WEPS_Run_Name}.
A calibration run can take several minutes to complete.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Calib_Save.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Run Name window showing “{\_} calib” automatically appended to run name.}
\label{fig:Calibrated_WEPS_Run_Name}
\end{figure}

WEPS now displays a table showing two Calibration Factors:
one for sweet corn and one for green beans
(\cref{fig:Calibration_Factors_window_displaying_Biomass_Adjustment_Factors}).
For WEPS to produce the expected sweet corn residue for this farm,
yields must increase from approximately 550 lbs/ac to around 14,000 lbs/ac.
Therefore, we should expect the factor to be greater than 1.0
and the Biomass Adjustment Factor is \textbf{1.960}.
The green beans also must increase from approximately 6,600 lbs/acre to around 8,100 lbs/acre.
We can see that the Biomass Adjustment Factor is \textbf{1.150}.
The Biomass Adjustment Factor is a number assigned to each crop record
and used as a multiplier to adjust how much the crop grows.
Numbers greater than 1.0 increase the final yield,
whereas numbers less than 1.0 decrease the final yield of the crop.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Calib_Factors.jpg}
	\caption{Calibration Factors window displaying the Biomass Adjustment Factor for each crop.}
	\label{fig:Calibration_Factors_window_displaying_Biomass_Adjustment_Factors}
\end{figure}

The user has three options at the Calibration Factors screen:

\begin{itemize}[noitemsep, label={}]
\item{\textbf{(1)} Clicking the \textit{Use in Current Project} button}
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/Use_in_Current_Project_button.jpg}}{\strut}
to apply these calibration factors to both the sweet corn and green peas
crop records in the current WEPS management file being used in this example.}
\item{\textbf{(2)} Clicking the \textit{Save As} button(s)
to individually save these locally calibrated versions of the crop records
into the user's \textit{local} crop database folder
for selection and re-use in later management/crop rotation files
that can be edited for future simulation runs in the same region.
Since each run takes some time to complete, it is advantageous to save
previously calibrated crop records for future simulation runs with the model.}
\item{\textbf{(3)} Clicking the \textit{Close} button to use the factors
only in this current calibration simulation run.}
\end{itemize}

For this exercise,
click the \textit{Use In Current Project} button option
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/Use_in_Current_Project_button.jpg}}{\strut}.

WEPS will then temporarily display a message
(\cref{fig:Popup_confirmation_window})
informing the user that
“The current project is now using the calibrated management file.”
Click the \textit{“OK”} button to close both the Calibration message window
(it will close automatically in a few seconds if the user does not close it soon enough)
as well as the Calibration Factors window itself.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Calib_File.jpg}
	\caption{Popup window confirming loading of calibrated management file into WEPS interface.}
	\label{fig:Popup_confirmation_window}
\end{figure}

It will first place a copy of the calibrated management/crop rotation file
into the current WEPS Project directory,
and then automatically load this management file into the WEPS interface
(\cref{fig:Calibrated_mgt__file_loaded_into_WEPS_interface}).
Note also that "\textbf{\_CALIB}" is appended to the calibrated management file name.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2]{images/Examples/Appended_CALIB_to_mgt_filename.jpg}
	\caption{Calibrated management file shown loaded automatically into WEPS interface.}
	\label{fig:Calibrated_mgt__file_loaded_into_WEPS_interface}
\end{figure}

Upon completion of the calibration run, the WEPS Run Summary report window also appeared
(\cref{fig:WEPS_Run_Summary_report_from_Calibration_Run}).
The Run Summary simulation reports an Average Annual Gross Soil Loss of \textbf{7.2 tons/acre}.
This still exceeds the T-value (Soil Loss Tolerance) of \textbf{5 t/ac/yr}.
% \texthl{Note, the Biomass Adjustment Factors for the two calibrated crops appear
% in the “Notes” box near the bottom of the Run Summary report}.
%%Larry and I discussed this, the BAF are not showing up in the Summary Report notes.
%%This needs to be addressed. 

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/Calib_Run_Summary.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Run Summary report showing new results from the Yield Calibration run.}
\label{fig:WEPS_Run_Summary_report_from_Calibration_Run}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Are the yields within the ±5$\% $ of the target yields desired now?}
Yes, \textbf{13,703.6 lbs/ac} of sweet corn
is close enough to the target yield of \textbf{14,000}
and \textbf{7,900.9 lbs/ac} of green beans is close enough to \textbf{8,100}. 

\textbf{Is the percent ground cover and mass of flat residue after seeding
adequate to protect both seedling stages of both crops?}

Hint: Click the Detailed Tabular Report button
{\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/ReportD.png}}{\strut} in the Summary Report toolbar.
Near the top of the Detailed Report there is a window that allows the user to ‘Select Report’.
This should display \textit{Erosion \& Crop Veg, Res \& Biomass (details)} as the default.
If not, click the drop-down arrow and select it from the list.

The Detail Tabular Report includes a date-ordered list of output parameters
by periods (every 15 days or the period between management operations).
This detail tabular report shows the viewer the amount of cover and flat residue
after seeding each crop
(\cref{fig:Detailed_Report_showing_results_after_planting_sweet_corn_Year_1}
and
\cref{fig:Detailed_Report_showing_results_after_planting_green_beans_Year_2}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.4]{images/Examples/Bean_Residue.jpg}
	\caption{Detailed Report showing soil loss and residue amounts after planting sweet corn, Year 1.}
	\label{fig:Detailed_Report_showing_results_after_planting_sweet_corn_Year_1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.4]{images/Examples/Corn_Residue.jpg}
	\caption{Detailed Report showing soil loss and residue amounts after planting green beans, Year 2.}
	\label{fig:Detailed_Report_showing_results_after_planting_green_beans_Year_2}
\end{figure}

By examining the Detailed Report table, you will see that bean residue
after planting sweet corn (May 9-14, 01)
was 12$\%$ (0.12 fraction) Surface Cover and 301 lbs/ac flat mass (\cref{fig:Detailed_Report_showing_results_after_planting_sweet_corn_Year_1}).
The corn residue after planting beans (May 15-31, 02) 
was 35$\%$ (0.35 fraction) surface cover and about 1137 lbs/ac flat mass
(\cref{fig:Detailed_Report_showing_results_after_planting_green_beans_Year_2}).

\textbf{Answer}: These amounts do not provide enough wind erosion protection
and WEPS estimates an Average Total Gross Soil Loss after planting the corn to be \textbf{3.5 t/ac},
the sum of gross soil losses (1.9 + 1.6) for the period May 9 - 31, 01.
There is a high probability of damage to the young sweet corn seedlings by blowing soil.
Only \textbf{0.5 t/ac} is lost after planting the green beans for the period May 15 - Jun 14, 02,
so the risk is probably low for them.
 
This is verified by checking the NRCS National Agronomy Manual
which has a Crop Tolerance\footnote{Crop tolerance is defined as the maximum wind erosion that a growing crop can tolerate, from crop emergence to field stabilization, without an economic loss to stand, yield, or quality.}
to Blowing Soil table that lists sweet corn under the heading of
\textbf{2 t/ac} in the \textbf{Moderate} tolerance column (see \cref{table:Crop_Tolerance_Ex1}).
The green beans are under the \textbf{Low Tolerance} column of \textbf{1 t/ac}.
Thus, there is a seedling damage issue for the sweet corn in this management scenario
and the green beans are ok based on this table's criteria.

\begin{table}[H]
\caption{Crop tolerances used by NRCS to design wind erosion control methods (USDA-NRCS, 2000)}.
\label{table:Crop_Tolerance_Ex1}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Tolerant*}	& \textbf{Moderate}	& \textbf{Low Tolerance}	& \textbf{Very Low}\\
\textbf{"T"}	 	& \textbf{(2 t/ac)}	& \textbf{(1 t/ac)}			& \textbf{(0-0.5 t/ac)}\\
\hline
\hline
Barley& Alfalfa (mature)& Broccoli& Alfalfa (seedlings)\\
Buckwheat& Corn& Cabbage& Asparagus\\
Flax& Onions ($>$ 30 days)& Cotton& Cantaloupe\\
Grain Sorghum& Orchard Crops& Cucumbers& Carrots\\
Millet& Soybeans& Garlic& Celery\\
Oats& Sunflowers& \inlinebox[colframe=red]{Green/Snap Beans}& Eggplant\\
Rye& \inlinebox[colframe=red]{Sweet Corn}& Lima Beans& Flowers\\
Wheat&   & Peanuts& Kiwi Fruit\\
&   &  Peas& Lettuce\\
&   &  Potatoes& Muskmelons\\
&   &  Sweet Potatoes& Onion (seedlings)\\ 
&   &  Tobacco& Peppers\\
&   &  &        Spinach \\
&   &  &        Squash\\
&   &  &        Strawberries\\
&   &  &        Sugar Beets\\
&   &  &        Table Beets\\ 
&   &  &        Tomatoes\\ 
&   &  &        Watermelons\\ 
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep,label=*]
\item{USDA-NRCS. 2011. National Agronomy Manual, Part 502-Wind Erosion, 190-V NAM. 4th Edition. Washington, D. C.}
\end{itemize} 

There is an alternative method to looking at whether the erosion after planting
is possibly severe enough to damage the young seedlings by reviewing one of the default QuickPlots.
They are available from the main WEPS GUI Toolbar or via the "QuickPlots" Menu,
(\cref{fig:QuickPlot_access_options})
as well as from the Toolbars on all of the standard WEPS Reports.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.4]{images/Examples/Main_screen_QuickPlot_options.jpg}
	\caption{QuickPlot Menu and Toolbar options accessible from Main WEPS GUI screen.}
	\label{fig:QuickPlot_access_options}
\end{figure}

Shown here is the default QuickPlot graph titled
\textbf{Wind Erosion Soil Loss (Creep+Salt, Susp)}
displaying the saltation/creep and suspension soil loss by date periods
as represented on the plot
for the entire two year management rotation
(\cref{fig:Erosion_loss_by_specified_date_periods}).
Erosive periods immediately after planting periods,
which could contribute ot plant damage are identified in \textbf{\color{red}{red}}.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2.0]{images/Examples/QuickPlot_erosion_loss_following_planting.jpg}
	\caption{QuickPlot erosion loss with after planting periods identified.}
	\label{fig:Erosion_loss_by_specified_date_periods}
\end{figure}

Note that since we are displaying the creep and saltation erosion component separately,
which is the primary transport mode which usually causes the most damage to young seedlings
by bombarding the above ground leaves and stems with saltation size particles,
causing physical damage to the plants.
In addition, soil loss due to both creep/saltation and direct emissions can also be severe enough
to extract sufficient soil mass from the surface
to expose seedling roots and potentially blowing out the planted seeds and young seedlings entirely.
Likewise, deposition in other areas of the field
can bury the entire plant below the surface as well.

\subsection{Select a Cover Crop} \label{subsec:Select Cover Crop}

Most of the erosion occurs after the green beans are harvested,
which may also impact the growing sweet corn seedlings.
In addition, there is good rainfall during that time period,
so a winter annual such as winter wheat or a rye cover crop
could be a solution for helping to better conserve the soil
and reduce the risk of wind erosion damage to the young seedlings
planted into the cover crop residue.

Since we are wanting to both reduce wind erosion following the harvest
of the green beans and better protect the sweet corn seedlings after planting
into the limited green bean residue cover,
we will insert a rye cover crop following the green bean harvest.

\subsubsection{Complete the following steps} \label{subsubsec:Complete_steps_1c}

\textbf{Step 1}:
Return to the interface and open MCREW again with the recently calibrated management file.

\textbf{Step 1a}:
Edit that management file by replacing the second \textbf{Chisel, st. pt} operation
(last operation listed in MCREW)
with \textbf{Drill or air seeder, double disk} operation.

\textbf{Step 1b}:
Select the \textbf{Rye, cereal, winter, grain} crop record
for that planting operation to grow that cover crop.

\textbf{Step 1c}:
Also change the planting date of the
(\textbf{Rye, cereal, winter, grain} crop
to \textbf{Aug 5, rotation year 2}
as shown in \cref{fig:Management_rotation_with_rye_cover_crop}
as well.

The first listed \textbf{Disk, tandem light finishing} operation
will terminate this cover crop on the date specified for that operation (Apr 05, 01).

\textbf{Step 2}:
Save the modified rotation file with a new name
(\textbf{Sweet corn and green beans\_CALIB\_rye\_cover\_ crop})
to identify the management rotation as including a rye cover crop.

\textbf{Step 3}:
Make a new regular WEPS simulation run and name it:
\textbf{Sweet Corn and beans, green, irr, rye cover crop, CMZ4}
to identify the run as having a rye cover crop and
to distinguish it from the previous original and yield calibration runs
(ignore the cover crop maturity warning messages since the cover crop is not being harvested).
Note that we do not want to run another Yield Calibration Run
since we have not changed the crops we are growing
and we want to be able to detect the effect on crop water availability
on the cash crops, if any, due to growing an off-season cover crop.
Although, since we have irrigation in this scenario, such an effect should be minimal.

Upon completion of the WebStart WEPS simulation,
a warning message will appear that mentions that the
rye cover crop did not reach maturity before being terminated.
This message can be ignored since we are not harvesting the cover crop
for grain.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/CC_Calib.jpg}
	\caption{Management rotation modified to include Rye Cover Crop.}
	\label{fig:Management_rotation_with_rye_cover_crop}
\end{figure}
 
The WEPS Run Summary report (\cref{fig:Summary_Report_showing_Rye_cover_crop_reduce_Gross_Loss_below_Soil_Loss_Tolerance})
now shows the Average Annual Soil Loss at \textbf{4.9 t/ac};
just below the Soil Loss Tolerance of \textbf{5 t/ac}. 

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.6]{images/Examples/CC_Calib_Runsummary.jpg}
	\caption{Summary Report showing that the rye cover crop reduced Gross Loss below Soil Loss Tolerance.}
	\label{fig:Summary_Report_showing_Rye_cover_crop_reduce_Gross_Loss_below_Soil_Loss_Tolerance}
\end{figure}

Reviewing the Tabular Detail Report
(\cref{fig:Detail_Report_showing_sweet_corn_seedlings_susceptible_to_wind_erosion_damage})
shows that the erosion loss after planting time
for green beans (\textbf{0.5 t/ac})
as shown in
\cref{fig:Detail_Report_showing_sweet_corn_seedlings_susceptible_to_wind_erosion_damage}
are below their erosion damage threshold of \textbf{1.0 t/ac}
(\cref{table:Crop_Tolerance_Ex1}).

However, the sweet corn seedlings are still at a higher risk to wind erosion damage than desired
(\textbf{1.3 + 0.9 = 2.2 t/ac})
as shown in Fig.
\cref{fig:Detail_Report_showing_sweet_corn_seedlings_susceptible_to_wind_erosion_damage},
which is above the \textbf{2 t/ac} threshold specified in \cref{table:Crop_Tolerance_Ex1}
for sweet corn.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.4]{images/Examples/CC_Calib_Detail_Seedling_Erosion.jpg}
	\caption{Detail Report still showing sweet corn seedlings susceptible to wind erosion damage.}
	\label{fig:Detail_Report_showing_sweet_corn_seedlings_susceptible_to_wind_erosion_damage}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Modify Cover Crop Planting and Termination Dates} \label{subsec:Change_Cover_Crop_Dates}

To address the potential excessive risk still existing for the sweet corn seedlings,
we will attempt to increase the rye cover crop growing season and hopefully produce
a little more late fall and early spring growth.
There should be little impact on the cash crops from the rye cover crop's increased
water usage since this is a field under irrigation that can easily mitigate that potential
negative effect.
Since we have some erosion still occurring during the period the rye cover crop
is present, this extra biomass growth likely will help reduce the erosion during
that period as well, lowering our average annual erosion rate.

\subsubsection{Complete the following steps} \label{subsubsec:Complete_steps_1d}
 
\textbf{Step 1}:
Return to the interface and open MCREW again with the rye cover crop management file.

\textbf{Step 1a}:
Edit that management file by changing the rye cover crop planting date
to be closer to the harvest date of the green beans
(from \textbf{Oct 5, rotation year 2} to \textbf{Sep 15, rotation year 2}).

\textbf{Step 1b}:
Also change the dates of the
\textbf{Disk, tandem light finishing}
and
\textbf{Cultivator, field 6-12 in sweeps}
operations
from \textbf{Apr 05, rotation year 1}
and
\textbf{Apr 20, rotation year 1}
respectively to
\textbf{May 01, rotation year 1}
for both operations.
as shown in \cref{fig:Management_rotation_with_modified_rye_cover_crop_dates}.

These date changes will lengthen the growing season
in both the fall and spring time periods,
producing additional live biomass for increased wind erosion suppression.
The earlier planting date will allow additional growth in the fall
and delaying the tillage in the spring will likewise allow additional
spring growth prior to the terminating tillage operation.

These changes in planting and termination tillage dates
obviously must be reasonable for the operator to achieve,
based upon his workload and machine capacity available
at those times in their operation.

\textbf{Step 2}:
Save the modified rotation file with a new name
(\textbf{Sweet corn and green beans\_CALIB\_rye\_cover\_crop\_1})
to identify the management rotation as a modified variation of the initial
rotation including a rye cover crop.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples/CC_Calib_1.jpg}
	\caption{Management rotation with modified Rye Cover Crop dates.}
	\label{fig:Management_rotation_with_modified_rye_cover_crop_dates}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 3}:
Make a new regular WEPS simulation run and name it:
\textbf{Sweet Corn and beans, green, irr, rye cover crop, CMZ4\_1},
again to identify the run as being a modification of the previous original
rye cover crop simulation.

The WEPS Run Summary report
(\cref{fig:Summary_Report_showing_Rye_cover_crop_reduce_Gross_Loss_below_Soil_Loss_Tolerance_1})
now shows the Average Annual Soil Loss at \textbf{3.2 t/ac};
well below the Soil Loss Tolerance of \textbf{5 t/ac}. 

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.6]{images/Examples/CC_Calib_Runsummary_1.jpg}
	\caption{Summary Report showing modified rye cover crop dates significantly reduced erosion below Soil Loss Tolerance.}
	\label{fig:Summary_Report_showing_Rye_cover_crop_reduce_Gross_Loss_below_Soil_Loss_Tolerance_1}
\end{figure}

Reviewing the Tabular Detail Report
(\cref{fig:Detail_Report_showing_sweet_corn_seedlings_no_longer_susceptible_to_wind_erosion_damage})
shows that the erosion loss after planting sweet corn
(\textbf{1.1 + 0.4 = 1.5 t/ac})
is now also below
the \textbf{2 t/ac} threshold specified in \cref{table:Crop_Tolerance_Ex1}
for sweet corn.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.4]{images/Examples/CC_Calib_Detail_Seedling_Erosion_1.jpg}
	\caption{Detail Report now showing sweet corn seedlings below the susceptible risk level to wind erosion damage.}
	\label{fig:Detail_Report_showing_sweet_corn_seedlings_no_longer_susceptible_to_wind_erosion_damage}
\end{figure}

\end{document}