\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper, final]{report} % \documentclass{} required in all files

\usepackage{../preamble/myWEPS} % This is now our single preamble file inclusion (it assumes a “.sty” file extension)

\usepackage{multirow}

\begin{document}

\subsection{Skill Building} \label{subsec:Skill_Building_3}
This exercise begins with a template management run of winter wheat and fallow.
The user will utilize a 2-year management (wheat-fallow),
where fallow is replaced with a vegetative cover
and conservatively grazed in order
to increase soil protection, reduce erosion and improve soil health.


\subsection{Scenario} \label{subsec:Scenario_3}

\begin{itemize}

\item{The field is located in \textbf{Haakon County, South Dakota.}}
\item{Manually enter latitude and longitude.
Set the latitude as \textbf{44.59528\textdegree\ N} and longitude as \textbf{101.48097\textdegree\ W}}.
\item{The \textbf{Cligen} station is \textbf{MILESVILLE}.}
\item{The \textbf{Windgen} station is \textbf{Interpolated}.}
\item{The critical dominant Soil Map Unit is \textbf{Craft{\_}SD055{\_}CtA{\_}80{\_}VFSL}.}
\item{The existing cropping system is \textbf{Winter Wheat-fallow}.}
\item{The field shape is a \textbf{160 acre square}, oriented \textbf{45\textdegree} from North.}
\item{Management includes one fall chisel operation
performed at 0\textdegree angle (North/South)
for added wind protection through the winter months
when prevailing winds are from the west.
All other field operations are performed at a 45\textdegree angle,
parallel to the field borders.}
\item{The winter wheat harvest produces about \textbf{40 bu/ac/yr} on average.}
\item{The dry land yield for \textbf{sudangrass} (added later) for this region should be between \textbf{1.5-2 ton/ac/yr}.}

\end{itemize}


\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples_3_4/weps_interface_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{The WEPS interface set with the basic information for Exercise 3.}
\label{fig:The_WEPS_interface_set_with_the_basic_information_for_Exercise_3}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Complete the following steps:} \label{subsec:Complete the following steps_3}

\textbf{Step 1:} Enter all the data shown in (\cref{fig:The_WEPS_interface_set_with_the_basic_information_for_Exercise_3}).

\textbf{Step 1a:} In the field "Region" information panel,
select the \textbf{Square} field shape and enter \textbf{160} into the \textbf{Area} field.
Both the "X-Length and "Y-Length" fields will be automatically populated since a square field was selected.
Be sure to also change the field \textbf{Orientation} to \textbf{45.0\textdegree} as well.
You will see the field orientation rotate in the "Field View" panel.

\textbf{Step 1b:} Enter the latitude and longitude values \textbf{44.59528} and \textbf{-101.48097} into their respective fields.
The State and County fields should automatically update with \textbf{SOUTH DAKOTA} and \textbf{HAAKAN} respectively.
Let's open up the WEPS "Map Viewer" to see the actual field site
(\cref{fig:WEPS_Calibration_Run_Summary}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.5]{images/Examples_3_4/map_viewer_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Map Viewer showing field location.}
\label{fig:WEPS_Map_Viewer_showing_field_location}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 1c:} Select the critical dominant soil for this site.
Click on the "Soil" dropdown button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}}{\strut}
to the right of the "Soil" field.
Open up the \textbf{CSIP Soil Service} option in the tree view
and then the \textbf{SD055 - Haakon County, South Dakota} option
and finally the \textbf{CtA - Craft very fine sand loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, rarely flooded} option.
Select the \textbf{Craft{\_}SD055{\_}CtA{\_}80{\_}VFSL} soil
(\cref{fig:CSIP_Soil_selection_ex_3}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.9]{images/Examples_3_4/CSIP_Soil_selection_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{CSIP Soil Selection option displaying selected soil.}
\label{fig:CSIP_Soil_selection_ex_3}
\end{figure}

To see if this soil really is the "critical dominant" soil for this site,
we can check using the NRCS Web Soil Survey site
(\href{https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx}{https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx}).
It shows the "CtA" soil existing on 55.6\% of the site and the "Wc" soil with 35.5\%
(\cref{fig:NRCS_WebSoilSurvey_ex_3a}).
Both of these soils are greater than the 10\% threshold
for determining the "critical dominate" soil for this site.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.3]{images/Examples_3_4/websoilsurvey_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{NRCS Web Soil Survey displaying the dominate soils on the site.}
\label{fig:NRCS_WebSoilSurvey_ex_3a}
\end{figure}

If we look at the "Wind Erodibility Index" for the soils on this site,
we see that all of them are rated at 86 t/ac
(\cref{fig:NRCS_WebSoilSurvey_ex_3b}).
So, the "Wind Erodibility Index" does not help us select the desired soil.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.3]{images/Examples_3_4/websoilsurvey_ex_3b.jpg}
\caption{NRCS Web Soil Survey displaying the Wind Erodibility Index values
for the soils on the site.}
\label{fig:NRCS_WebSoilSurvey_ex_3b}
\end{figure}

If we look at the "Wind Erodibility Group" ratings for the soils on this site,
we see that the "CtA" soil has the lowest rating of 5.
(\cref{fig:NRCS_WebSoilSurvey_ex_3c}).
So, the "Wind Erodibility Group" rating suggests that we should use the "CtA" soil.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.3]{images/Examples_3_4/websoilsurvey_ex_3c.jpg}
\caption{NRCS Web Soil Survey displaying the Wind Erodibility Group rating
for soils on the site.}
\label{fig:NRCS_WebSoilSurvey_ex_3c}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 1d:} Open a template file by clicking the ‘Man’ dropdown button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/down_arrow.png}}{\strut} to the lower right of the screen. Scroll down to \textbf{‘System Templates’}, then select the \textbf{Wheat, winter; fallow; Conv, CMZ5} template. 

\textbf{Step 2:}  Open MCREW and see that all the operations except the \textit{Chisel, sweep shovel},
are set to \textbf{45\textdegree } as well.
If they are not already oriented, press the left mouse button
and drag to highlight all the operations
(\cref{fig:MCREW_showing_multiple_Row/Ridge_Dir_cells_selection_ex_3}),
 right-click in the "Row/Ridge Dir. (Deg.)" column
(\cref{fig:MCREW_showing_Setto45_deg_mouse_menu_selected_ex_3}),
and select the \textit{Set to 45 deg} menu option.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples_3_4/mcrew_ridgedirection_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{MCREW showing multiple "Row/Ridge Dir" cells selected.}
\label{fig:MCREW_showing_multiple_Row/Ridge_Dir_cells_selection_ex_3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples_3_4/mcrew_set_45_deg.jpg}
\caption{MCREW showing "Set to 45 deg" left button mouse menu option selected.}
\label{fig:MCREW_showing_Setto45_deg_mouse_menu_selected_ex_3}
\end{figure}

MCREW should then display all selected operations with
\textit{45\textdegree} \textit{Row/Ridge Dir.} values
(\cref{fig:Management_Crop_Rotation_Editor_showing_correct_Row/Ridge_direction}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples_3_4/mcrew_45deg_ridgedirection_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{Management Crop Rotation Editor showing correct Row/Ridge directions.}
\label{fig:Management_Crop_Rotation_Editor_showing_correct_Row/Ridge_direction}
\end{figure}
 
The fall chisel (Oct 20, 02) operation's direction should still be \textbf{0\textdegree }
or North as described under the \textbf{Scenario} section,
even though the field angle is 45\textdegree.
\cref{fig:Management_Crop_Rotation_Editor_showing_correct_Row/Ridge_direction}
displays the correct MCREW setup for this simulation run.

\textbf{Step 4:} Click the Yield Calibrate button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/yCalOff.png}}{\strut}
to turn on the yield function and ensure Target Yield is set to 40 bu/ac
(\cref{fig:MCREW_crop_yield_ex_3}).
Click the Return button {\scalerel*{\includegraphics{images/icons/close.png}}{\strut}
to close MCREW and return to the WEPS interface. 

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples_3_4/mcrew_yield_calib_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{MCREW showing the crop is selected for Yield Calibration and it's target yield.}
\label{fig:MCREW_crop_yield_ex_3}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Step 5:} Make a Yield Calibration WEPS Run and name the run WWheat-Fallow, Conv, CMZ5{\_}calib. On completion, the Biomass Adjustment Factor of 0.9297 is displayed. Click Use in Current Project.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=2.0]{images/Examples_3_4/calibration_summary_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Calibration Run Summary.}
\label{fig:WEPS_Calibration_Run_Summary} 
\end{figure}

The Average Annual Soil Loss is \textbf{33.6 ton/ac} (\cref{fig:WEPS_Calibration_Run_Summary}).


\subsection{Adding Sudangrass and Grazing} \label{subsec:Adding Sudangrass and Grazing Operation}

To reduce erosion, it may be beneficial to replace the fallow with a grazed sudangrass forage crop.
This planting will take advantage of early moisture for growth,
be quickly grazed once,
and the residual residue will be allowed to persist through the winter wheat crop.


\textbf{Step 1}: Reopen MCREW. Add \textit{sorghum, sudangrass, forage} crop
and grazing operations with associated operation dates, as shown in \cref{fig:WEPS_Management_file_with_Sudangrass_and_grazing_operation_added}.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{images/Examples_3_4/calibrated_sundangrass_grazing_MCREW_ex_3.jpg}
\caption{WEPS Management file with Sudangrass and grazing operation added.}
\label{fig:WEPS_Management_file_with_Sudangrass_and_grazing_operation_added} 
\end{figure}


\textbf{Step 2}: The new operations need to be set to 45 degrees.
The sorghum (previously calibrated), sudangrass, forage should remain uncalibrated for the next Run (\cref{fig:WEPS_Management_file_with_Sudangrass_and_grazing_operation_added}).
\textit{Note}: The perennial crops are not calibrated by default, but can be. 

\textbf{Step 3}: After new operations are added to the management record
(\cref{fig:WEPS_Management_file_with_Sudangrass_and_grazing_operation_added}),
be sure to \textbf{save the management file} to a new name (WW\_Graze50\_2yr\_Calib.man) and close MCREW. 

\textbf{Step 4}: Due to the changes in tillage and operations during the fallow period,
we expect that we may achieve a different wheat yield.
Since we previously calibrated the winter wheat record for the baseline condition
and included the calibrated record into this management file,
we don't want to re-calibrate that record so that we can see the potential effect
of the modified management on the winter wheat yield (\cref{fig:Run_Summary_showing_reduced_soil_loss_after_adding_grazed_Sudangrass_forage_crop}).


\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.8]{images/Examples_3_4/calibrated_sorghum_grazing_summary_ex3.jpg}
\caption{Run Summary showing reduced soil loss after adding grazed Sudangrass forage crop.}
\label{fig:Run_Summary_showing_reduced_soil_loss_after_adding_grazed_Sudangrass_forage_crop} 
\end{figure}

Adding the Sudangrass and grazing operation has decreased the average annual loss from \textbf{33.6 ton/acre} (\cref{fig:WEPS_Calibration_Run_Summary}) to below the soil loss tolerance of 5 tons/acre/year.
Average annual soil loss is now \textbf{2.6 tons/acre}. 

\end{document}